PAPER 3
[100 marks]
DRAMA AND POETRY
Answer four questions in all; one question from each section. Develop not fewer than five points in your answers.
SECTION A
AFRICAN DRAMA
Answer one question only from this section.
JOHN, K. KARGBO: Let me Die Alone
1. Comment on the use of dramatic irony in the play.
The protagonist Alhaji's desire for isolation and his rejection of help create dramatic irony, as the audience knows that his actions worsen his situation and hurt those around him.
The protagonist Alhaji wants to die alone, but the audience knows his death is inevitable and cannot be avoided. His wish for solitude becomes sad and pointless because he can't escape his fate.
The protagonist Alhaji doesn't realize that withdrawing from his loved ones makes them feel hurt and helpless. The audience knows that his isolation only makes things worse for those who care about him.
The protagonist Alhaji wants to die alone, ignoring the needs and feelings of his family and community. The audience understands that his desire for isolation conflicts with the people who want to help him.
By trying to escape from everyone, the protagonist Alhaji harms himself even more. The audience knows that his actions, meant to give him peace, are only making his situation worse.
The protagonist Alhaji rejects the support of others, thinking they don't understand him. The audience knows that accepting help could make his life better, but Alhaji refuses to see this.
2. What makes Musa cooperate with Lamboi against Yoko?
Musa cooperates with Lamboi against Yoko because of personal grudges, a desire for power, disappointment in Yoko's leadership, a lack of loyalty to her, and manipulation by Lamboi.
Musa might be upset with Yoko because of something she did to him. This makes him more likely to side with Lamboi, who also dislikes Yoko.
Musa may see working with Lamboi as a way to gain more power and control. He might think that by joining Lamboi, he can improve his position and get more benefits.
Musa might feel that Yoko is a bad leader and can't be trusted. If he's unhappy with how Yoko is leading, he could choose to work with Lamboi, who seems more capable.
Musa may never have been truly loyal to Yoko in the first place. Without strong loyalty, it's easier for him to switch sides and support Lamboi instead.
Lamboi could have tricked or convinced Musa to join him by offering rewards or making threats. Musa might believe that cooperating with Lamboi is the best way to protect himself or gain something he wants.
WOLE, SOYINKA: The Lion and the Jewel
3. How does Lakunle's alienation from tradition account for his failure to woo Sidi successfully?
Lakunle's rejection of tradition causes him to fail in winning Sidi's heart because he doesn't understand what matters most to her.
Lakunle refuses to pay the dowry, which is an important custom in the village. Sidi sees this as disrespectful and feels that he doesn't understand or value her traditions.
Lakunle criticizes the village's ways and prefers Western ideas, thinking they are better. Sidi, however, values her culture and feels alienated by Lakunle's negative attitude towards it.
Sidi is proud of her traditions and feels that they make her who she is. Lakunle's failure to appreciate her culture makes him seem uncaring and distant to her.
Lakunle tries to mix Western ideas with local customs, but this confuses the village people. His refusal to follow traditional customs, like paying the dowry, makes him seem out of place.
In the village, love and marriage are connected to traditions and rituals. Lakunle doesn't understand this, while Sidi values these traditions, leading her to prefer someone who respects them, like Baroka.
4. How loyal is Sadiku to Baroka?
Sadiku is loyal to Baroka as his trusted advisor, believes in his power, supports his schemes, forgives his deceptions, and accepts his polygamous lifestyle as part of her duty to him.
Sadiku is very loyal to Baroka and acts as his trusted helper. She advises him about Sidi and tries to help him marry her, showing she wants to protect his interests.
Sadiku believes in Baroka's strength and leadership in the village. She stays loyal to him because she sees him as a powerful and respected leader.
Sadiku helps Baroka with his plans to win over Sidi, even when they involve trickery. She does this because she is loyal to him, even if she does not agree with his methods.
Sadiku feels betrayed when she learns Baroka tricked her, but she forgives him. Her loyalty remains strong because of her duty to him as the chief.
Sadiku accepts that Baroka has many wives, even though it can be difficult. She understands this as part of her role in supporting him as a leader.
SECTION B
NON-AFRICAN DRAMA
Answer one question only from this section.
JOHN, OSBORNE: Look Back in Anger
5. What does Cliff bring into the relationship between Jimmy and Alison?
Cliff acts as a calm mediator, a source of stability, and emotional support for Alison, while complicating her relationship with Jimmy through his contrasting personality and close bond with her.
Cliff tries to calm down the fights between Jimmy and Alison. He often steps in to stop things from getting too heated, preventing more damage to their relationship.
While Jimmy is angry and Alison is quiet, Cliff is calm and steady. His peaceful attitude helps create some balance in the otherwise chaotic household.
Cliff's close relationship with Alison makes Jimmy jealous and frustrated. This creates more tension between the couple, as Jimmy feels left out and angry.
Cliff's calm and kind nature highlights Jimmy's anger and bitterness. This makes Jimmy feel even more distant from Alison, as she is drawn to Cliff's gentleness, increasing the emotional gap between her and Jimmy.
Cliff provides Alison with the care and attention that she lacks from Jimmy. His kindness helps Alison cope with the emotional strain of her marriage, offering her a sense of comfort.
6. Show why Helena leaves Jimmy.
Helena leaves Jimmy because he is always angry, hard to deal with, makes her feel unimportant, and she cares more for Alison.
Helena leaves Jimmy because he is always angry and treats people poorly. His constant shouting and rude behavior make it hard for her to stay.
Jimmy's strong emotions and quick mood changes make it difficult for Helena to handle. She cannot deal with his constant outbursts and emotional pressure.
Helena wants a peaceful and stable life, which Jimmy cannot offer. His chaotic and unpredictable nature is too much for her to handle.
Jimmy often insults and ignores Helena, making her feel unwanted. She realizes that staying with him is painful and that he doesn't care about her.
Helena starts to care more for Alison, especially after learning how badly Jimmy treats her. She decides to leave Jimmy to support Alison and escape the toxic relationship.
AUGUST, WILSON: Fences
7. Comment on the relationship between Troy and Bono.
Troy and Bono share a long, loyal friendship, but their bond weakens as Bono begins to question Troy's actions, especially his infidelity, leading to a shift in their relationship.
Troy and Bono have been friends for many years. They met while playing baseball and have shared a lot of life experiences together.
Bono is always loyal to Troy, even when he doesn't fully agree with him. He listens to Troy's problems and tries to support him, even when things go wrong.
Bono tries to guide Troy by offering advice, especially when Troy makes bad decisions. This sometimes causes tension because Bono feels conflicted about supporting Troy's mistakes.
Troy is the stronger and more confident person in their friendship, and Bono respects him for that. However, as the play goes on, Bono begins to question Troy's actions, especially when Troy becomes selfish.
Bono stops being as close to Troy after finding out about Troy's affair. This shows that their friendship changes when trust is broken.
8. What is the significance of Troy's death in the play?
Troy's death marks the end of his struggles, resolves family conflicts, prompts reflection on his legacy, removes his control over his family, and allows his children to have a new beginning and pursue their own futures.
Troy's death marks the end of his long fight with his past and struggles as a Black man in a racist society. It shows that while his fight is over, his struggles are passed down to the next generation.
After Troy dies, his family, especially his son Cory, is able to heal and move forward. Cory, who had been angry at his father, now has the chance to live his own life without Troy's control.
Troy's death forces his family to think about both the good and bad parts of his life. His children, like Cory, must understand who he was and decide how his life affects their future.
Throughout his life, Troy tried to control everyone around him, but his death takes away that power. After Troy dies, his wife Rose and his children can take control of their own lives.
Troy's death opens up a new future for his children, especially Cory and Raynell. Cory can now follow his own dreams, and Raynell represents a fresh start for the next generation.
SECTION C
AFRICAN POETRY
Answer one question only from this section.
9. Comment on the use of repetition in Black Woman.
The repetition emphasizes the speaker's admiration, creates rhythm, celebrates her beauty and strength, and shows a deep emotional connection.
The repetition highlights the speaker's deep admiration for the Black woman. It keeps bringing focus back to her beauty and strength.
It creates a rhythmic flow that makes the poem feel like a song. This rhythm connects to African traditions of music and oral poetry.
The repetition celebrates her as a symbol of cultural and spiritual significance. She represents the essence of Africa's heritage and power.
It affirms her beauty and strength, rejecting negative stereotypes. The speaker shows pride in the Black woman's dignity and grace.
The repetition expresses the speaker's deep emotional connection. It makes the admiration feel personal, like a direct address to her.
10. What is the poet's attitude to the violence and exploitation that Africans suffer in The Grieved Lands?
In The Grieved Lands, Neto mourns Africa's suffering, condemns its exploitation, celebrates its strength, calls for resistance, and hopes for a better future.
The poet feels deep sadness about the pain Africa has gone through because of violence and exploitation. He keeps repeating "the grieved lands" to show how much the land and its people are hurting.
Neto strongly criticizes the cruelty that has been done to Africa, especially through colonization and slavery. He uses powerful images, like "iron and fire," to show how these actions destroyed the beauty and life of Africa.
Even though Africa has suffered, Neto believes that the spirit of the land and people is still strong and alive. He speaks of hidden strength and hope that cannot be fully crushed by the violence of the past
The poet wants Africans to stand up against their oppressors, no matter how hard life has been. He repeats "They live" to show that the African people's spirit will never be defeated, no matter the hardships they face.
Neto believes that despite the suffering, Africa's future can be bright. He talks about the "rightness of the stars," meaning that justice and goodness will eventually prevail for Africa and its people.
SECTION D
NON-AFRICAN POETRY
Answer one question only from this section.
11. Discuss the view that Binsey Poplars celebrates the beauty of nature.
Binsey Poplars celebrates nature's beauty by describing the trees, showing their life, giving them human qualities, mourning their loss, and connecting their beauty to something spiritual.
Hopkins describes the poplar trees in a way that makes them seem beautiful and full of life. This helps us appreciate the natural beauty of the trees.
The poem shows how the trees were an important part of nature's beauty. Their presence made the environment feel lively and full of natural richness.
Hopkins describes the trees as if they are alive, giving them human-like qualities. This makes us see them as beautiful, living things that deserve to be admired.
The poem shows how the trees were once beautiful, but are now gone due to human actions. This makes us realize how much beauty in nature has been lost because of destruction.
Hopkins believes that nature, like the trees, shows the beauty of God's creation. The trees' beauty is not just physical, but a sign of something deeper and spiritual.
12. Comment on the use of allusion in The Journey of the Magi.
Eliot uses references to the Bible, myths, history, mysticism, and his own life to show the challenges of searching for faith.
The poem refers to the biblical story of the Three Wise Men who traveled to see baby Jesus. Instead of a joyful journey, Eliot shows it as difficult and challenging, highlighting the struggles in the search for faith.
Eliot compares the Magi's journey to the struggles in ancient stories like The Odyssey. This allusion suggests that the journey to faith, like in classical myths, is hard and full of challenges.
The Magi's journey also refers to how early Christianity faced opposition from older beliefs. The difficult journey symbolizes the challenges of accepting a new faith in a world full of old traditions.
The poem's theme of spiritual searching reminds us of old Christian mystics like Dante. Like these mystics, the Magi's journey shows how finding deeper faith can be full of doubt and struggle.
The poem reflects T.S. Eliot's personal spiritual journey when he converted to Christianity. His own struggles with faith are mirrored in the Magi's difficult and questioning journey.
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