Explanation:

The correct answer is:

C. Linguistics

Topic: Sources of History

Linguistics is the study of languages. It helps to classify people into different ethnic groups based on the languages they speak, including their language families and dialects.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Serology: This refers to the study of blood and does not relate to classifying ethnic groups.


• B. Oral tradition: Oral traditions are important for history but are not directly used to classify people into ethnic groups.


• D. Art forms: Art forms are cultural expressions but are not used to classify people into ethnic groups.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

B. Subjectivity

Topic: Interpretation of History

Bias often causes subjectivity in historical writing, where personal opinions or perspectives influence how facts are understood and presented.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Validity: Validity refers to the truth or accuracy of information, which is not directly influenced by bias.


• C. Reliability: Reliability refers to consistency, not the personal bias that affects interpretation.


• D. Objectivity: Objectivity is the opposite of bias. Bias leads to subjectivity, not objectivity.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

D. Written records

Topic: Sources of History

Court records are written documents that show legal decisions. They are classified as written records.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Ethnography: Ethnography is the study of people and cultures, not legal records.


• B. Artefacts: Artefacts are physical objects like tools or pottery, not written records.


• C. Linguistic evidence: Linguistic evidence is about language, not written legal documents.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

C. Comes into contact with the narrator

Topic: Oral Tradition

Oral tradition allows the researcher to talk directly to the person telling the story, so they can learn more about history from the source itself.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Has no need to cross-check the information collected: This is wrong because even with oral tradition, it's important to check the facts from different sources.


• B. Comes into contact with many books: Oral tradition is about talking to people, not reading books.


• D. Pays very little as travelling expenses: This is not a merit of oral tradition. Travel costs can vary depending on where the researcher is going.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

A. Involvement of some Europeans as middlemen

Topic: Trans-Saharan Trade

Europeans were not a major part of the early trans-Saharan trade. The trade mainly grew because of camels, Berber financiers, and Islamic merchants.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• B. The introduction of camel in North Africa: Camels made it easier to travel across the desert, helping trade to grow.


• C. Involvement of the Berbers as financiers: The Berbers played a key role in financing and organizing the trade.


• D. The contributions of Islamic merchants: Islamic merchants helped spread trade across the desert and introduced new goods and methods.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

C. Forest Region

Topic: Trans-Saharan Trade

Kolanuts and slaves mainly came from the Forest Region in West Africa. This area was rich in these resources, and they were important for trade with North Africa.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Sahara Desert: The Sahara Desert was not a source for kolanuts or slaves, but a major trade route.


• B. Guinea Savanna: While important for trade, it was not the main area for kolanuts and slaves during this time.


• D. Coastal Region: The Coastal Region was more involved in trading goods like gold, not kolanuts and slaves.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

A. Taghaza

Topic: Trans-Saharan Trade

Taghaza was famous for its salt mines. Salt was very important for preserving food and was traded across the Sahara Desert, making it a key part of the economy.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• B. Timbuktu: While important for trade, Timbuktu was not known for salt production.


• C. Wangara: Wangara was known for gold, not salt.


• D. Walata: Walata was an important trading city, but it was not known for salt mining.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

B. Gold

Topic: Trans-Saharan Trade

Gold was one of the main items traded from West Africa. It was very valuable and was traded across the Sahara, helping West African kingdoms like Ghana and Mali grow wealthy.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Dates: Dates came from North Africa, not West Africa.


• C. Copper: Copper was also traded, but it was not a major export from West Africa like gold.


• D. Kolanuts: Kolanuts were also important, but they were mainly traded within West Africa, not across the Sahara.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

C. Improvement in agricultural productivity

Topic: Trans-Saharan Trade

The trans-Saharan trade helped with the growth of cities and the availability of many goods like gold and salt. However, it did not directly make farming better or increase food production.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Availability of numerous commercial goods: Many goods, like gold and salt, were traded during this time.


• B. Development of many trading centres: The trade helped build trading centres like Timbuktu.


• D. Establishment of towns and cities: Trade helped create and grow new towns and cities.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

C. Timbuktu

Topic: Trans-Saharan Trade

Timbuktu was a very important city for both trade and learning. It was known for its famous Islamic schools and libraries, where many scholars came to study.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Awadaghost: Awadaghost was an important trading city, but it wasn't known for education.


• B. Kumbi Saleh: Kumbi Saleh was the capital of the Ghana Empire, not a famous education center.


• D. Zamfara: Zamfara was a region in West Africa, but it was not known for Islamic education.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

B. Islam encouraged education

Topic: Islam and Education

Islam helped spread education in West Africa. Many schools were set up, and learning Arabic became common among the wealthy. The education taught both religious subjects and other knowledge like science and law.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Islam did not improve the justice system: Islam actually helped improve the justice system by introducing Sharia law, which became a part of the legal system in some regions.


• C. Islamic books were never found in the region: Islamic books were found in West Africa, and many libraries in cities like Timbuktu had them.


• D. Islam gave more rights to women than men: While Islam gave women rights, it did not give them more rights than men. Men and women had different roles and rights according to Islamic teachings.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

C. Creation of numerous Islamic education centres

Topic: Political Effects of Islam

The creation of Islamic education centers was a cultural change, not a political one. While Islam did affect politics by helping to build relationships with Muslim rulers, employing Muslim scholars as leaders, and uniting different people in large states, education was not directly a political effect.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Establishment of diplomatic relations with other Muslim rulers: Islam helped leaders form relationships with other Muslim rulers, which was an important political effect.


• B. Employment of educated Muslims as administrators: Muslim scholars were often employed as leaders and advisors, which was a political change.


• D. Unification of large states of different cultural backgrounds: Islam helped unify people from different cultures under a common religion, which also had political effects.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

A. Political administration

Topic: Islam and Governance

Islam introduced a system of political administration based on Sharia law, which shaped the governance structures in many West African empires. This included the use of Muslim officials and judges to help govern.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• B. Trade control: While Islam influenced trade, it did not specifically introduce a system for controlling trade in West Africa.
• C. Military rule: Islam did not bring a system of military rule to West Africa. Instead, it influenced political structures.
• D. Agricultural structures: Islam's introduction focused more on governance and law than on changing agricultural systems.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

B. Levying taxes on Islamic scholars

Topic: Promotion of Islam

The rulers of Western Sudan supported the spread of Islam in various ways, such as appointing Muslim officials, allowing conversions, and going on pilgrimages to Mecca. However, taxing Islamic scholars would have gone against the encouragement of Islam, as it would hinder their work and influence.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Appointing Muslim officials as judges: This was a common practice to support Islam by integrating it into the political system.
• C. Allowing the conversion of their subjects: This was a key way of spreading Islam, as many rulers welcomed conversions to strengthen their connection with the Muslim world.
• D. Performing pilgrimage in Mecca: Rulers made pilgrimages to Mecca to show their devotion to Islam and to strengthen ties with other Muslim regions.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

C. Low technological advancement in their country

Topic: Portuguese Exploration

The Portuguese had good technology, especially in shipbuilding, which helped them explore West Africa. They also had peace in their country and the support of Prince Henry. But if they had low technology, they wouldn’t have been able to lead in exploration.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Advancement in ship building: This helped the Portuguese explore because their ships were strong and could travel far.
• B. Peace and stability in their country: Portugal was peaceful and stable, which allowed them to focus on exploring.
• D. The patronage and support of Prince Henry: Prince Henry helped by funding ships and encouraging exploration.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

D. Gold

Topic: European Trade in West Africa

Before 1600, European traders were most interested in gold from West Africa. Gold was valuable and in high demand in Europe.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Diamond: Diamonds were not the main interest of European traders at this time.
• B. Cotton: Cotton was not as important as gold for European traders before 1600.
• C. Slaves: Though slaves were traded, the main focus was on gold during this period.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

B. Feed the European traders and sailors

Topic: European Influence in West Africa

Europeans encouraged growing cash crops in West Africa to provide food for their traders and sailors who came to the region.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Discourage West Africans from trading in slaves: Encouraging cash crops was not meant to stop the slave trade.
• C. Feed the West African population: The main goal was to feed Europeans, not the local population.
• D. Move all European industries to the region: Europeans didn’t move their industries to West Africa, but instead relied on cash crops for their own use.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

B. Expansion of the indigenous industries

Topic: European Impact on West Africa

When Europeans came into contact with West Africa, it did not help local industries grow. Instead, it led to the introduction of the slave trade, European culture, and Christianity, which were major influences on the region.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Introduction of the Atlantic slave trade: The slave trade was a major effect of European contact with Africa.
• C. Introduction of European culture: Europeans brought their culture with them, which affected West African societies.
• D. Introduction and spread of Christianity: Christianity spread in West Africa as a result of European influence.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

A. Warehouses

Topic: European Forts in West Africa

The main purpose of the trading forts was to act as warehouses. They stored goods and provided a place for trade between Europeans and Africans.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• B. Guest lodges: The forts were not for guests, but for storing goods and facilitating trade.
• C. Military posts: While the forts had some military use, their main purpose was for trade and storage.
• D. Health facilities: The forts were not built as health centers, but for trade activities.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

C. The trade was economically viable

Topic: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

The slave trade made a lot of money for European traders, which is why it was hard to stop even though many people thought it was wrong.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. It was permitted by the European laws: Even though European laws allowed it, the main reason the trade continued was because it made money.
• B. Protests from religious leaders: Some religious leaders didn’t like the slave trade, but their protests didn’t stop it quickly.
• D. West Africa was closer to Europe than other regions: The main reason the trade lasted was because it was profitable, not because of the distance.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

A. Portuguese

Topic: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

The Portuguese were the first Europeans to start the trans-Atlantic slave trade in the 15th century.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• B. French: The French were involved later, but they did not start the slave trade.
• C. Dutch: The Dutch also joined the trade later but were not the first.
• D. British: The British became involved in the trade, but the Portuguese started it first.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

D. Britain

Topic: Abolition of the Slave Trade

In 1807, Britain passed a law called the Abolition Act, which made the slave trade illegal in the British Empire.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Portugal: Portugal did not pass the Abolition Act in 1807. They ended their slave trade later.
• B. Germany: Germany was not involved in the abolition of the slave trade in 1807.
• C. France: France also banned the slave trade later, but not in 1807 like Britain.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

B. Sierra Leone and Liberia

Topic: Colonization of Freed Slaves

Sierra Leone and Liberia were both created as places for freed slaves to live. Sierra Leone was founded by the British, and Liberia was set up by the American Colonization Society.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Sierra Leone and The Gambia: The Gambia was not founded for freed slaves, but rather as a British colony.
• C. Liberia and Nigeria: Nigeria was not founded for freed slaves; it became a British colony later on.
• D. Senegal and Guinea: Senegal and Guinea were not specifically set up for freed slaves.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

D. Enforcement of the Equipment Treaty

Topic: Reasons the Slave Trade Continued

The Equipment Treaty did not help the slave trade. The slave trade continued because there was a lot of money to be made, people needed slaves to work, and sometimes slaves were used as punishment.

Here’s why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Reliable source of income: The slave trade made a lot of money, which kept it going.
• B. Demand for slave labor: People needed slaves to work, so the trade continued.
• C. Slavery as a form of punishment: Some people were forced into slavery as punishment for crimes, which helped keep the trade alive.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

C. Supporting colonialism

Topic: Missionaries and Colonialism

Missionaries helped the European countries take control of Africa. They supported European rule and made it look like it was good for Africa. They built schools and churches that helped keep Europeans in power.

Here’s why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Introducing Western civilization: They did bring Western ideas, but their main job was helping Europeans control Africa.
• B. Establishing numerous schools: They built schools, but it was part of helping the Europeans control Africa, not just for education.
• D. Promoting industrialization: Missionaries didn’t focus on factories or industry; they focused on spreading Christianity and supporting colonial powers.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

A. Legitimate trade

Topic: Missionary Activities in West Africa

Legitimate trade did not stop missionaries from doing their work. The things that made it hard for them were the people being unfriendly, problems with language, and the strong belief in traditional religions.

Here’s why the other answers are wrong:

• B. Hostility of the people: Many people in West Africa were not friendly to missionaries, which made it harder for them to spread their religion.
• C. Language barrier: Missionaries had trouble communicating because they didn’t speak the local languages.
• D. Traditional religion: The belief in traditional African religions made it hard for missionaries to convince people to follow Christianity.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

B. Slave trade and slavery

Topic: Missionaries and the Slave Trade

Christian missionaries in West Africa wanted to stop the slave trade and slavery. They hoped that spreading Christianity would help end these practices and improve society.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Trade in grain and ivory: Missionaries were not focused on stopping the trade of grains or ivory.
• C. Exploitation of natural resources: Their main concern was slavery, not the exploitation of natural resources.
• D. Domestic production of agricultural goods: Missionaries were not concerned with stopping agricultural production.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

D. Facilitated the spread of their religion

Topic: Role of Education in Missionary Work

Missionaries used education to help teach people about Christianity. It made it easier for them to understand and spread the religion.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Developed indigenous cultures: Missionaries focused more on teaching Christianity than developing local cultures.
• B. Trained politicians: The main goal was to teach Christianity, not to train people to be politicians.
• C. Enriched the West Africans that embraced Christianity: Education helped people understand Christianity better, but the main goal was to spread the religion.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

C. Renounce the traditional religions

Topic: Resistance to Christianity

Many West Africans didn't like Christianity because people who became Christian were told to stop believing in their old religions. This made them angry and resistant to the new religion.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Encourage the production of food crops: This was not a reason for anger. Christianity did not make people grow food crops.


• B. Read and interpret the Bible: Learning to read the Bible was not the problem. The real issue was giving up their old beliefs.


• D. Print and spread religious literatures: Printing books and spreading them was not a problem. The issue was losing their traditional beliefs.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

D. Emergence of strong traditional rulers

Topic: Partition of West Africa

The partition of West Africa happened because European countries wanted to find places to sell their goods, get raw materials, and invest their extra money. Strong local rulers did not cause the partition.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Need to find markets for European goods: European countries wanted to sell their goods to Africa, which caused them to divide the land.


• B. Demand for raw materials: European countries wanted to take things like gold, rubber, and oil from Africa.


• C. Desire to reinvest surplus capital: European countries had extra money and wanted to use it to make more money from Africa.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

C. The superior weapons used against them

Topic: European Colonization of Africa

European countries were able to take control of African lands mainly because they had much stronger weapons, like guns, which made it easier for them to defeat local armies.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Their desire to speak European languages: Africans did not want to speak European languages, and this was not the reason they were defeated.


• B. The introduction of Western education: While education was brought to Africa, it was not the reason African territories were taken over by Europeans.


• D. The freedom enjoyed by the rulers: The freedom of African rulers did not help them fight against European forces, as they were often outmatched by the Europeans' military power.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

B. Vastness of the land

Topic: Factors Influencing European Colonization

European countries didn’t choose land just because it was big. They cared more about things like whether the area was unstable, if they could make money, or if they could look important to others.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Instability in the region: Europeans often took over places where there was confusion or fighting because it made it easier to control the area.


• C. Diplomacy and prestige: European countries wanted to show power and be respected, so diplomacy (talking and making deals) was important.


• D. Economic benefits: They also wanted to make money from the land, like getting resources or trading things.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

B. Establishment of industries in West Africa

Topic: Berlin Conference of 1884-85

The Berlin Conference was called to solve problems between European countries fighting over land in Africa. It was not about setting up industries in West Africa.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Bitter rivalry among European nations: There was a lot of fighting between European countries over African land, which is why they had the conference.


• C. The need to avoid war among European nations: The main goal was to avoid war between European countries over control of African land.


• D. Imperial ambition of some European rulers: Some European rulers wanted to control more land in Africa, which added to the reason for the conference.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

D. Spain

Topic: Partition of West Africa

Spain was not as involved in taking over West African land as Britain, France, and Portugal. These countries were the main powers in the colonization of West Africa.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Britain: Britain was one of the biggest countries that took control of West African territories.


• B. France: France was also a major European power in the colonization of West Africa.


• C. Portugal: Portugal had a big role in colonizing some parts of West Africa.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

C. The division of some ethnic groups by boundaries

Topic: Negative Effects of the Partition of Africa

When the European powers divided Africa, they split up many ethnic groups. Some people who had lived together for a long time were put into different colonial boundaries, which caused problems for their communities.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. That ethnic unity remained intact: The division of Africa actually broke up ethnic groups, so unity was lost.


• B. The acceptance of the Christian faith by all: Not everyone in Africa was forced to accept Christianity.


• D. The eviction of all villagers to settle in the cities: Villagers were not forced to move to cities as part of the division.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

C. Association

Topic: Colonial Policies in West Africa

The "Association" policy allowed traditional African systems and leaders to continue to exist alongside the colonial government. It did not try to replace them, but worked with them.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Paternalism: This policy treated Africans as children needing to be guided, not allowing for the recognition of traditional systems.


• B. Indirect Rule: This policy used traditional leaders but did not fully recognize traditional systems as equals to colonial rule.


• D. Assimilation: This policy aimed to make Africans adopt European ways, not to preserve their own traditions.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

A. Obtain raw materials for industries in Europe

Topic: Objectives of Colonial Economies

The main aim of the colonial economies was to take natural resources, like minerals and crops, from West Africa and send them to Europe to support European industries. It was not about helping West Africans to become independent or creating jobs for them.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• B. Help West Africans to become independent: The colonial powers did not want West Africans to become independent. They wanted to control the region.


• C. Create employment opportunities for West Africans: While some jobs were created, the main goal was not to help West Africans, but to support the colonial economy.


• D. Enable West African territories to trade among themselves: The colonies were mainly set up for the benefit of the colonizers, not to help trade between African regions.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

C. Those areas did not have traditional administrative systems

Topic: Warrant Chiefs in West Africa

Warrant chiefs were chosen in areas where there were no strong local leaders or systems of government. The British set them up to help control and manage those regions.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. The British were too friendly to the chiefs: The British were not trying to be friendly; they wanted to control and manage the areas.


• B. Some of the chiefs were too old to rule: Age was not the main reason for appointing Warrant chiefs. It was more about the lack of strong local systems.


• D. Of the limited number of educated people: Warrant chiefs were chosen for their ability to rule, not based on education level.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

D. One party system

Topic: Post-Independence Political Systems in West Africa

After independence, many leaders in West Africa, set up one-party systems. This meant only one political party was allowed, so there was no real competition or opposition.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Multiparty system: This system allows many political parties to compete, but many leaders wanted to avoid this to keep control.


• B. Presidential system: While some countries used this system, the key change was moving to a one-party rule, not just a presidential system.


• C. Parliamentary system: This system also allows more than one party to operate, which was not the case after independence for many countries in West Africa.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

B. Advent of the Industrial Revolution

Topic: Economic Changes in West Africa

The rise in exports from West Africa was mainly because of the Industrial Revolution. European industries needed raw materials like palm oil, cocoa, and minerals, which were available in West Africa. This created a large market for these goods.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Partition of the region: The partitioning of Africa didn’t directly cause the increase in exports; it was more about the industrial needs in Europe.


• C. Colonization of the region: While colonization played a role in shaping trade, it was the Industrial Revolution that drove the demand for exports from Africa.


• D. Agrarian Revolution in the region: There wasn’t an Agrarian Revolution in West Africa during this time, so it didn’t affect exports.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

C. Control natural resources

Topic: Boundary Disputes in West Africa

Boundary disputes in West Africa often happened because countries wanted to control important resources like oil, minerals, and fertile land.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Establish industries: The main issue wasn’t about starting industries, but rather about controlling resources.


• B. Reduce the rate of brain drain: Brain drain (people leaving the country) was not the main cause of boundary disputes.


• D. Prevent economic competition: While competition exists, the focus of the disputes was more on natural resources than economic rivalry.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

A. Protection of human rights

Topic: Military Rule in West Africa

Military regimes in West Africa were known for violating human rights, controlling the press, and suspending constitutions. Protecting human rights was not a feature of these regimes.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• B. Enactment of decrees: Military governments often passed decrees to rule without the need for elections.


• C. Suppression of the press: Military governments typically controlled or censored the media to avoid criticism.


• D. Suspension of the constitution: Military rulers often suspended constitutions to gain full control of the country.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

C. Conflicts among West African states

Topic: Development Challenges in West Africa

Conflicts, both within and between West African countries, have made it difficult for the region to develop equally. Wars and political instability have slowed progress in many areas.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Effects of the formation of the United Nations Organization: The formation of the UN didn't directly cause uneven development in West Africa.


• B. Equal distribution of natural resources among nations: Not all countries have equal access to natural resources, but the main reason for uneven development is conflicts.


• D. Weak economic policies of the West African states: While some countries may have weak policies, conflicts have played a bigger role in slowing development.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

D. Inadequate energy supply

Topic: Problems of Independent West African States

Energy supply was a problem in some countries, but the main challenges after independence were corruption, bad governance, and providing welfare services like education and healthcare.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Widespread corruption: Corruption was a major issue for many newly independent countries.


• B. Provision of welfare services: Providing services like education, healthcare, and housing was a big challenge for many governments.


• C. Bad governance: Many countries faced poor leadership and mismanagement after independence, which caused instability.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

C. Bad governance

Topic: Reasons for Underdevelopment in West Africa

The main reason for underdevelopment was bad governance. Poor leaders, corruption, and mismanagement of money and resources made it hard for the countries to grow.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Commitment to duty: People in West Africa were committed to working hard, so this wasn’t a reason for underdevelopment.


• B. Absence of clear-cut boundaries: While boundary issues existed, bad governance was a bigger problem for growth.


• D. Inadequate family funds: Problems with money at the family level were not the main reason for the country's underdevelopment.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

C. Support for dictatorship

Topic: Foreign Influence in West Africa

Foreign governments often controlled West African leaders by supporting dictatorships that suited their interests, especially during the Cold War.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Foreign aid: While aid was given, it was often linked to supporting certain governments, not controlling them.


• B. Social equality: This was not the main way foreign powers controlled West African leaders.


• D. Food self-sufficiency: Foreign control wasn’t based on whether a country was food self-sufficient.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

C. Gabon

Topic: ECOWAS Membership

Gabon is not part of ECOWAS because it is in Central Africa, not West Africa. The other countries listed are part of the West African region and are members of ECOWAS.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Togo: Togo is a member of ECOWAS.


• B. Guinea: Guinea is a member of ECOWAS.


• D. Mali: Mali is also a member of ECOWAS.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

D. Prevent the outbreak of another world war

Topic: Formation of the United Nations

The main purpose of the United Nations, formed after World War II, was to stop another major war from happening and to promote peace around the world.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Achieve the ambition of the European powers: The UN was not formed just for the benefit of European powers.


• B. Satisfy the economic desires of China and Russia: The goal was peace, not economic benefits for specific countries.


• C. Provide free food for disabled children in the world: While the UN helps with humanitarian issues, its main goal is to promote peace, not just provide food.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

B

Topic: Challenges of the OAU

The OAU (now the AU) was able to establish its headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The real challenges included issues like loyalty to former colonial masters, lack of unity between member states, and not having enough money to fund all its projects.

Here's why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Loyalty to former colonial masters: This was a challenge, as some countries were still influenced by their old colonial rulers.


• C. Absence of unshakable unity among member states: Unity was a major challenge for the OAU due to different interests and political systems.


• D. Inadequate funds to finance all its projects: The OAU struggled with funding to carry out all its plans.

Explanation:

The correct answer is:

B

Topic: ECOWAS Interventions

ECOWAS used military action, and helping people come together to restore peace. However, providing jobs (employment) was not something they used to fix political problems.

Here’s why the other answers are wrong:

• A. Dialogue: ECOWAS often used discussions to solve problems and bring peace between groups.
• C. Military Intervention: ECOWAS sent troops to some countries, like Liberia, to stop fighting and help restore order.
• D. Reconciliation: ECOWAS helped people from different sides work together and forgive each other to bring peace back.